cp file1 file2 mv file1 dir/ rmdir dir tail -10 file.txt chown user1 file.txt grep "error" *.log top uname -r free -h tar -cvf archive.tar *.txt tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz echo $PATH alias 别名='命令' source ~/.bashrc 或 . ~/.bashrc history ping route -n 或 ip route uptime cal who 或 w